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What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and the symptoms associated?

Shukri Abi • Sep 21, 2021

BPPV is one the most common causes of vertigo (the sudden sensation of spinning or dizziness). It is characterised by a brief episode lasting up to a minute of mild to intense vertigo especially when the head is moved quickly in a particular direction or when rolling over or standing up from a sitting or laying position.  It is rarely serious but it is troublesome and disorientating for the sufferer. Thankfully it can usually be treated quickly and effectively.


What causes BPPV?


BPPV is a mechanical anomaly in which calcium carbonated crystals called otoconia detach from the otolithic organs and find their way into the semicircular canals in the inner ear. A variety of causes for BPPV are postulated in healthcare literature, including reduced bone density, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, head and neck trauma, inner ear infection, Ménière's disease, vitamin D deficiency, surgical drilling, and migraines, although most cases remain idiopathic.


How is it diagnosed and what tests are used?


The primary diagnosis of BPPV is usually made from a patient's medical history; namely a sudden onset of symptoms in the absence of other complications and true vertigo that resolves in less than a minute when the patient is motionless. The diagnosis is qualified by an examination using involuntary movement of the eyes revealing the presence of nystagmus with a short delay after a change of position. Usually, the ear that is downwards when the individual feels dizzy has a problem with displaced crystals. 


How is BPPV treated?


A qualified practitioner can perform a canalith repositioning procedure to correct the cause of dizziness. These are simple, slow movements of the head which aim to remove the crystals from the canals back into the otolith organs (where they belong). In some instances a hearing test and MRI scan may be required to exclude a more serious cause of vertigo. A more detailed balance test may also be required to understand why the patient is not responding to the standard bedside treatment such as the canalith repositioning procedure. 


What do I do if I suspect I am experiencing BPPV? 


It is always recommended to consult with your primary healthcare provider first.  The team at Abi Hearing have a wealth of experience in diagnosing and treating a wide range of hearing and balance conditions. If you are concerned please reach out to one our team for assistance and recommendations.


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